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Philip Astley : ウィキペディア英語版 | Philip Astley
Philip Astley (8 January 1742 – 27 January 1814) was an English equestrian, circus owner, and inventor, regarded as being the "father of the modern circus".〔〔 The circus industry, as a presenter of an integrated entertainment experience that includes music, domesticated animals, acrobats, and clowns, traces its heritage to Astley's Amphitheatre, a riding school that Astley founded in London following the success of his invention of the circus ring in 1768.〔Schechter, Joel (2001) (The pickle clowns: new American circus comedy ) p.11. Southern Illinois University Press〕 ==Biography== Philip Astley was born in Newcastle-under-Lyme in England the son of a cabinetmaker.〔(The book of days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar, including anecdote, biography, & history, curiosities of literature and oddities of human life and character ) p.474. W. & R. Chambers, 1864〕 At the age of nine, he apprenticed with his father, but Astley's dream was to work with horses, so he joined Colonel Eliott's Fifteenth Light Dragoons when he was 17, later becoming a Sergeant Major. His service in the Seven Years' War brought him into contact with professional trainers and riders. Astley himself was a brilliant rider.
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